Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Seattle Waterfront Streetcar Information
Metro Route 99
Route 99 is a free bus route that connects the downtown Seattle waterfront with the International District, Pioneer Square, the downtown retail area, Pike Place Market and Belltown. It was formerly called the Route 99 Waterfront Streetcar Line, and used buses that were "wrapped" to resemble the George Benson Waterfront Streetcars that previously operated along the waterfront.
Changes were made to Route 99 in February 2011 as part of the effort to keep people moving during the six-to-eight-year construction period for the Alaskan Way Viaduct and Seawall Replacement Project.
Northbound service on Route 99 shifted from Alaskan Way to First Avenue. Southbound service continues to operate on Alaskan Way from Broad Street to Yesler Way.
The new routing provides improved connections between the waterfront and First Avenue, and offers a handy circulation option for people traveling north on First Avenue.
About the Waterfront Streetcar Line
Metro's green and yellow waterfront streetcars used to run on a track along Alaskan Way and part of S. Main Street. The streetcars were powered by electricity. They were built in Australia for the Melborne and Metropolitan Tramways Board between 1925 and 1930. The cars are double end, double truck, and designed for two-person operation.- Manufacturer: Melborne shops or James Moore
- Fleet Numbers: 272, 482, 512, 518, 605
- Seats: 43 passengers
- Length: 48 feet
Two of the 1928 Australian streetcars began service along Elliott Bay between Pier 70 and Main Street in 1982. Three more streetcars joined the fleet between 1990 and 1993 when Metro extended the line to the International District. The streetcars featured Tasmanian mahogany and white ash woodwork, capturing the elegance of travel in a bygone era.The waterfront streetcar line is named after George Benson, former City of Seattle and Metro Council member. Known as the "father of the Waterfront Streetcar," Benson was the driving force behind development of the historic streetcar line.
In commemoration of Benson's leadership and vision, the streetcar line was officially named the George Benson Waterfront Streetcar Line on June 1, 2002.
George Benson, the "father" of Metro's waterfront streetcar
Transportation has always been close to the heart of George Benson. As a Seattle City Councilmember from 1974 to 1993, and a member of the old Metro Council, Benson took the lead on ensuring countywide bus service, construction of the Downtown Seattle Bus Tunnel, and preservation of the Monorail. But of all his projects, Benson is most closely associated with Metro's Waterfront Streetcar. It began with his dream to reinstate the historic streetcar line.Read more »
The Streetcar Stations
Since the George Benson Line Waterfront Streetcar vintage trolley service has been suspended, these stations are currently not in use.Metro is providing replacement service with free service on the Route 99. Bus routing and stop locations do not exactly duplicate the Streetcar, however Route 99 serves the same neighborhoods - the Waterfront, Pioneer Square and Chinatown/International District.
Jackson Street Station
Chinatown/International District- Wing Luke Asian Museum
- Uwajimaya Asian Superstore
- Safeco Field
- Qwest Stadium
Occidental Park Station
Pioneer Square- Underground Tour
- Klondike Gold Rush Museum
- Kingdome Sports Arena
- Shops, pubs, and restaurants
Washington Street Station
Pioneer Square- Antiques
- Princess Marguerite to Victoria
Madison Street Station
Waterfront Piers 48-55- Washington State Ferry Terminal (Bremerton & Bainbridge Island)
- Seattle's colorful fireboats
- Ye Olde Curiosity Shop, est. 1899
- Pier 54 Water Adventures
University Street Station
Waterfront Piers 56-57- Bay Pavillion restaurants and shops
- Argosy Cruises
- Tillicum Village Tours
- Harbor Steps to downtown Seattle
Pike Street Station
Waterfront Pier 59- Hillclimb Steps to Pike Place Market and downtown Seattle
- Waterfront Park
- Seattle Aquarium
- Omnidome
Bell Street Station
Waterfront Pier 66- Pedestrian overpass
- Bell Street Pier, Public Marina and Conference Center
- Restaurants
- Belltown
Vine Street Station
Waterfront Piers 67-69- Port of Seattle offices
- Edgewater Inn
- Victoria Clipper
Broad Street Station
Waterfront Pier 70- Myrtle Edwards Park
- Seattle Center (5 blocks)
- Pier 70 restaurants and shops
- Spirit of Puget Sound Harbor Cruises
Spadina Streetcar Route Information
Detailed description for 510 Spadina
Three services are operated. The 510 (Spadina Stn-Union Stn) is the main branch, and operates at all times, seven days a week. The 510 (Spadina Stn-King) short-turn branch operates from approximately 7:50 am until approximately 8:45 pm from Monday to Friday only. The 510 (Spadina Stn-Queens Quay) short-turn branch operates from approximately 9:25 am until approximately 8:40 pm on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. During the SUMMER ONLY (June to Labour Day), the short-turn service to King Street is EXTENDED to operate on the Queens Quay short-turn branch during the midday and afternoon peak period from Monday to Friday as well.
Southbound 510 UNION STATION
These streetcars operate from Spadina Station via south on Spadina Avenue and east on Queens Quay West to Queens Quay/Ferry Docks Station, then via the northbound streetcar tunnel to Union Station.Northbound 510 SPADINA STATION
These streetcars operate from Union Station via the southbound streetcar tunnel to Queens Quay/Ferry Docks Station, then west on Queens Quay West and north on Spadina Avenue to Spadina Station.Southbound 510 KING
These streetcars operate from Spadina Station via south on Spadina Avenue, east on Adelaide Street West, and south on Charlotte Street to King Street West. These short-turn streetcars then return northbound as “510 SPADINA STATION” streetcars, operating from Charlotte Street and King Street West via west on King Street West and north on Spadina Avenue to Spadina Station.Southbound 510 QUEENS QUAY AND SPADINA
These streetcars operate from Spadina Station via south on Spadina Avenue, east on Queens Quay West, and then north and west through Queens Quay/Spadina Loop (on the northeast corner of Queens Quay West and Spadina Avenue). These short-turn streetcars then return northbound as “510 SPADINA STATION” streetcars, operating from Queens Quay/Spadina Loop via north on Spadina Avenue to Spadina Station.All streetcars on the route serve local streetcar stops along the route.
Winnepeg Streetcars Information
About Winnipeg Streetcars
Have you ever wondered why Portage Ave and Main St are so wide? How about Broadway with its nice wide boulevard and trees? Before Winnipeg Transit, there was the “Winnipeg Electric Company” which provided Streetcar and Trolly Bus Transportation until September 1955. Streetcars on rail lines, powered by overhead electric wires, went up and down Portage Ave, Broadway, Osborne, Pembina Hwy, Main St, generally in the center with all of the traffic. In total, there was over 120 miles of rail lines laid on Winnipeg streets. A Transit map from 1943 indicates the downtown routes.
Streetcar and Bus Trolley routes
In fact, the initial electric power grid for Winnipeg was due to the Streetcars requiring a consistent and reliable source of energy. This was a business after all. There are many articles online regarding the history of the Streetcar service, and how it was part of Hydro/Electric service, so I will point you to some websites for reference: http://www.heritagewinnipeg.com/historic_356Wpg.htm and Manitoba Hydro for some real history, if you follow their timeline across the top: http://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/history/history_timeline.html
So to take a quick shortcut, here’s what happened to Streetcar 356 in the last 53 years. Streetcar service ended September 19th, 1955, and in October 1955, Car 356 (along with the rest) of the Winnipeg Electric Company (WEC) was sold for scrap. All metal components, including the truss rods, trucks, wheels and the motor, were removed and sold as scrap metal. The body of the streetcar was sold to a private individual for $100 and was left at Springfield Road at Panet until 1980, when it was bought by the Old Market Square Association.
The association intended to restore and display the streetcar in Old Market Square, but this was not feasible. Instead, Heritage Winnipeg took ownership of the car until facilities for the restoration could be obtained. Because of the threat of vandalism, Heritage Winnipeg negotiated temporary housing for the car at Winnipeg Hydro’s Mill Street Substation in 1980.
In 1989, it was moved to and stored in the Winnipeg Transit Fort Rouge Garage. However, in 1996, it had to move once again, and the Midwestern Rail Association obtained permission to store and restore Car 356. It is currently housed on temporary freight trucks at the VIA RAIL CANADA Union Depot.
Car 356 is, to our knowledge, the last remaining wooden streetcar built and used in Winnipeg. It is a valuable reminder of the way Winnipeg used to be, and must be preserved for future generations.
So to take a quick shortcut, here’s what happened to Streetcar 356 in the last 53 years. Streetcar service ended September 19th, 1955, and in October 1955, Car 356 (along with the rest) of the Winnipeg Electric Company (WEC) was sold for scrap. All metal components, including the truss rods, trucks, wheels and the motor, were removed and sold as scrap metal. The body of the streetcar was sold to a private individual for $100 and was left at Springfield Road at Panet until 1980, when it was bought by the Old Market Square Association.
The association intended to restore and display the streetcar in Old Market Square, but this was not feasible. Instead, Heritage Winnipeg took ownership of the car until facilities for the restoration could be obtained. Because of the threat of vandalism, Heritage Winnipeg negotiated temporary housing for the car at Winnipeg Hydro’s Mill Street Substation in 1980.
In 1989, it was moved to and stored in the Winnipeg Transit Fort Rouge Garage. However, in 1996, it had to move once again, and the Midwestern Rail Association obtained permission to store and restore Car 356. It is currently housed on temporary freight trucks at the VIA RAIL CANADA Union Depot.
Car 356 is, to our knowledge, the last remaining wooden streetcar built and used in Winnipeg. It is a valuable reminder of the way Winnipeg used to be, and must be preserved for future generations.
Hamilton Streetcars
As with many early public transit systems, service in Hamilton began with horsecars. The service was incorporated in 1873, but it was not until May 1874 when the first horsedrawn car travelled over just three miles of track. Six cars, capable of carrying 14 to 16 passengers each, were acquired to start the service with four more added shortly thereafter.
The first line ran from Stuart Street West, near the what was then the Grand Trunk Railway passenger station, west to James then north to the city's commercial centre at Gore Park. The line was soon extended west along King Street to the Crystal Palace grounds (later named Victoria Park), to Wentworth Street which was the eastern city limits at the time.
In 1880, the HSR headquarters was located at Bay and Stuart Streets where 50 horses were kept along with 20 streetcars. The horses worked four hours a day, logging 16 to 20 miles. They were retired after five years service.
By 1890, the HSR was operating on 12 miles of track, 45 cars, 9 sleighs and 160 horses. Electrification of the street railway was also being seriously considered. With the original operating franchise set to expire in 1893, a new 20-year franchise was obtained well in advance of the expiry date. Following approval in March 1892, work to electrify the system was begun and new trackage added. Ten closed and five open horsecars had their bodies remodelled and placed on new electric trucks. New electric cars were also ordered, however, it is not known for sure whether these came from the Ottawa Car Company, Jones' Sons Car Company of Watervliet NY, or all from Jones. In any case, June 29, 1892 is the date the first electric streetcar was operated in Hamilton.
In 1899, the HSR was bought out by the Hamilton Cataract interests. The system continued to expand and more cars were added to the fleet, several being acquired second-hand.
The last rail service expansion occurred on December 20, 1927. By then the motor bus had become more than a threat. On July 30, 1929, buses took over the Bartonville line on King Street East.
The June 1940 issue of Canadian Transportation, in an article titled 'The Transit Service in Hamilton', states that 72 passenger street cars, all of all-steel construction, and fitted for one-man operation, as well as 33 buses were in operation when it was written. The article goes on to say that the company (HSR) has 27.97 route miles of electric railway constituted by the following routes: -
Toronto's Streetcar System
Toronto streetcar system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Toronto streetcar system | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Info | |
| Locale | Toronto, Ontario |
| Transit type | Streetcar |
| Number of lines | 11 |
| Number of stations | >100, including 8 shared with the subway (all others but one are on-street stops) |
| Daily ridership | 285,600[1] |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | 1861 (electric lines since 1891) |
| Operator(s) | Toronto Transit Commission |
| Technical | |
| System length | 75 kilometres (47 mi)[2] |
| Track gauge | 1,495 mm (4 ft 10 7⁄8 in) |
| Minimum radius of curvature | 36 ft 0 in (10,973 mm)[3] |
| Electrification | Overhead lines, 600 V DC |
There are underground connections between streetcars and the subway at Union, Spadina, and St. Clair West stations, and streetcars enter St. Clair, Bathurst, Broadview, Dundas West, and Main Street stations at street level. At these stations, no proof of payment is required to transfer to or from the subway, as the streetcars stop within the stations' fare-paid areas. At the eight downtown stations, excepting Union, from Queen's Park to College on the Yonge–University–Spadina subway line, streetcars stop on the street outside the station entrances, and proof of payment is required to transfer to or from the subway.
Despite the use of techniques long removed in the streetcar networks of other North American cities, Toronto’s streetcars are not heritage streetcars run for tourism or nostalgic purposes; they provide most of the downtown core’s surface transit service, and four of the TTC's five most heavily used surface routes are streetcar routes. In 2006, ridership on the streetcar system totaled more than 52 million.[4]
Contents[hide] |
[edit] History
[edit] Early history (1861–1945)
There came to be problems with interpretation of the franchise terms, for the city. By 1912, the city limits had extended significantly, with the annexation of communities to the North (1912: North Toronto) and the East (1908: Town of East Toronto) and the West (1909: The City of West Toronto - The Junction). After many attempts to force the TRC to serve these areas, the city created its own street railway operation, the Toronto Civic Railways to do so, and built several routes. Repeated court battles did force the TRC to build new cars, but they were of old design. When the TRC franchise ended in 1921, the Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) was created, combining the city-operated Toronto Civic Railways lines into its new network.
The TTC began in 1921 as solely a streetcar operator, with the bulk of the routes acquired from the private TRC and merged with the publicly operated Toronto Civic Railways. In 1925, routes were operated on behalf of the Township of York (as Township of York Railway), but the TTC was contracted to operate them.
[edit] Thoughts of abandonment (1945–1989)
After the Second World War cities across North America began to eliminate their streetcar systems in favour of buses (see also Great American streetcar scandal). During the 1950s the TTC continued to invest in streetcars and the TTC took advantage of other cities' streetcar removals by purchasing extra PCC cars from Cleveland, Birmingham, Kansas City, and Cincinnati.In 1966 the TTC announced plans to eliminate all streetcar routes by 1980. Streetcars were considered out of date, and their elimination in almost all other towns made it hard to buy new vehicles and maintain the existing ones. Metro Toronto chair William Allen claimed in 1966 that "streetcars are as obsolete as the horse and buggy."[5] A large number of streetcars were eliminated with the creation of the Bloor–Danforth subway that opened in February 1966.
The plan to abolish the streetcar system was strongly opposed by many in the city, and a group named "Streetcars for Toronto" was formed to work against the plan. The group was led by professor Andrew Biemiller and transit advocate Steve Munro, and had the support of city councillors William Kilbourn and Paul Pickett, and urban advocate Jane Jacobs. Streetcars for Toronto presented the TTC board with a report that found retaining the streetcar fleet would in the long run be cheaper than converting to buses. This combined with a strong public preference for streetcars over buses changed the decision of the TTC board.[6]
The TTC then maintained most of their existing network, purchasing new custom-designed Canadian light rail vehicle (CLRV) and articulated light rail vehicle (ALRV) streetcars. They also continued to rebuild and maintain the existing fleet of PCC (Presidents' Conference Committee) streetcars until they were no longer roadworthy.
The previous policy of eliminating streetcars and using buses for new routes (added as the city developed northward) accounts for the concentration of streetcar lines within five kilometres of the waterfront. The busiest north-south and east-west routes were replaced respectively by the Yonge–University–Spadina and Bloor–Danforth subway lines, and the northernmost streetcar lines, including the North Yonge and Oakwood routes, were replaced by trolley buses (and later by diesel buses).
Two other lines that operated north of St. Clair Avenue were abandoned for other reasons: the Rogers Road route was abandoned to free up streetcars for expanded service on other routes, and the Mount Pleasant route was removed owing to complaints from drivers that streetcars slowed their cars down, and because the track was aging and needed to be replaced.[citation needed]
[edit] Expansion period (1989–2000)
The TTC returned to building new streetcar routes in 1989. The first new line was route 604 Harbourfront, starting from Union Station, travelling underneath Bay Street and rising to a dedicated centre median on Queen's Quay (along the edge of Lake Ontario) to the foot of Spadina Avenue. This route was later lengthened northward along Spadina Avenue in 1997, continuing to travel in a dedicated right-of-way in the centre of the street, and ending in an underground terminal at Spadina Station. At this time, the route was renamed 510 Spadina to fit with the numbering scheme of the other streetcar routes. This new streetcar service replaced the former route 77 Spadina bus, and since 1997 has provided the main north-south transit service through Toronto's Chinatown. The tracks along Queen's Quay were extended to Bathurst Street in 2000 to connect to the existing Bathurst route, providing for a new 509 Harbourfront route from Union Station to the newly refurbished Exhibition Loop at the Exhibition grounds, where the Canadian National Exhibition is held.[edit] Scarborough RT
Main article: Scarborough RT
The Scarborough rapid-transit (RT) line was originally proposed to operate with streetcars on a private right-of-way, but the plans were changed when the Ontario government persuaded the TTC and the borough of Scarborough to buy its then-new Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) rapid transit trains instead. Another proposed streetcar/rapid transit line from Kipling station was abandoned, but the ghost platform at the bus level is a hint of a streetcar line.[edit] Expansion (2007–)
Route 512 St. Clair was rebuilt to have a separated right-of-way similar to that of the route 510 on Spadina Avenue, to increase service reliability and was completed on June 30, 2010.On March 16, 2007, Toronto Mayor David Miller and the TTC announced Transit City, a major proposal for a 120-kilometre, $6.1-billion network of new European-style tramlines (LRTs) that would provide rail transit to underserved suburban areas of the city. As of July 2008[update], environmental assessments are underway for trams on Sheppard Avenue East and Don Mills Road, and for the harbourfront route, including an extension of the route from Exhibition Place to Queen Street West at Roncesvalles Avenue.
Since the election of Rob Ford as mayor of Toronto in 2010, the expansion of the streetcar system appears highly threatened as the new mayor plans to scrap Transit City in favour of constructing an expansion to the Sheppard subway line.[7]
On December 16, 2010, the TTC suffered its worst accident since the Russell Hill subway crash in 1995 when three people were killed and 30 others were injured. Up to 17 people including four schoolchildren were rushed to hospital with serious but non-life threatening injuries. TTC has indicated that the 505 Dundas streetcar heading eastbound was turning on to River street when it collided with a Greyhound Canada bus.[8]
[edit] Routes
The TTC operates 304.3 kilometres (189.1 mi) of routes on 75 kilometres (47 mi) streetcar network (double or single track) throughout Toronto.[2][9] There are currently 11 streetcar routes:
| # | Name | Length (km) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 501 | Queen | 24.43 | Part of Blue Night Network as 301 Queen |
| 502 | Downtowner | 9.38 | |
| 503 | Kingston Road | 8.97 | Rush hour service only |
| 504 | King | 13.97 | |
| 505 | Dundas | 10.74 | |
| 506 | Carlton | 14.82 | Part of Blue Night Network as 306 Carlton |
| 508 | Lake Shore | 9.40 | Rush hour service only |
| 509 | Harbourfront | 4.65 | |
| 510 | Spadina | 6.17 | |
| 511 | Bathurst | 6.47 | |
| 512 | St. Clair | 7.01 | Route reconstruction and new dedicated right-of-way complete. |
[edit] Route numbers
The TTC has used route numbers in the 500 series for streetcar routes since 1980; before then, streetcar routes were not numbered, but the destination signs on the new CLRVs were not large enough to display both the route name and destination, according to the TTC.[citation needed] The only exceptions to this numbering scheme are the two streetcar operated 300-series Blue Night Network routes.The one other exception to the 500 series numbering was the Harbourfront LRT streetcar. When introduced in 1990, this route was numbered 604, which was intended to group it with the old numbering scheme for subway/RT routes. In 1996 the TTC overhauled its Rapid transit route numbers and stopped trying to market the Harbourfront route as 'rapid transit' changing the number to 510; the tracks were later extended in two directions to form the 510 Spadina and 509 Harbourfront routes.[10]
During times when streetcar service on all or a portion of a route has been replaced temporarily by buses (e.g., for track reconstruction, major fire, special event), the replacement bus service is typically identified by the same route number as the corresponding streetcar line.
[edit] Dedicated rights-of-way
Short sections of track also operate in tunnel (to connect with Spadina, Union, and St. Clair West subway stations). The most significant section of underground streetcar trackage is a tunnel underneath Bay Street connecting Queens Quay with Union Station; this section, which is approximately 0.7 km long, includes one intermediate underground station at Bay Street and Queens Quay.
During the late 2000s, the TTC reinstated a separated right-of-way — removed between 1928 and 1935[11] — on St. Clair Avenue, for the entire route 512 St. Clair. A court decision obtained by local merchants in October 2005 had brought construction to a halt and put the project in doubt; the judicial panel then recused themselves, and the delay for a new decision adversely affected the construction schedule. A new judicial panel decided in February 2006 in favour of the city, and construction resumed in summer 2006. One third of the St. Clair right-of-way was completed by the end of 2006 and streetcars began using it on February 18, 2007. The portion finished was from St. Clair Station (Yonge St.) to Vaughan Road. The second phase started construction in the summer of 2007 from Dufferin Street to Caledonia Road. Service resumed utilizing the second and third phases on December 20th 2009 extending streetcar service from St. Clair to Earlscourt Loop located just south and west of Lansdowne Avenue. The fourth and final phase from Caledonia to Gunns Loop (just west of Keele St.) is completed and full streetcar service over the entire route was finally restored on June 30, 2010.[12][13]
In 2008, the tracks on Fleet Street between Bathurst Street and the Exhibition loop were converted to a dedicated right-of-way and opened for the 511 Bathurst and the 509 Harbourfront streetcars. Streetcar track and overhead power line were also installed at the Fleet loop, which is located at the Queen's Wharf Lighthouse.[14]
[edit] Future expansion
Main article: Transit City
The City of Toronto's and the TTC’s Transit City report[15] released on March 16, 2007, proposes creating new light rail lines including:- Don Mills LRT (along Don Mills Road from Steeles Avenue to Overlea Boulevard, and continuing to Pape Station along a possible alignment of Overlea Boulevard from Don Mills Road to Millwood Road, continuing adjacent to the Leaside Bridge from Overlea Boulevard to Pape Avenue and along Pape Avenue from Millwood Road to Danforth Avenue)
- Eglinton Crosstown LRT (along Eglinton Avenue from Toronto Pearson International Airport to Kennedy Station, with underground operation from approximately Keele Street to approximately Laird Drive)
- Etobicoke-Finch West LRT (along Finch Avenue West from Yonge Street to Highway 27)
- Jane LRT (along Jane Street from Bloor Street to Steeles Avenue and continuing along Steeles Avenue from Jane Street to Steeles West on the Spadina extension. This line also includes a stub extension of the St. Clair ROW from Gunns Loop to Jane Street)
- Scarborough Malvern LRT (along Eglinton Avenue from Kennedy Station to Kingston Road, continuing along Kingston Road from Eglinton Avenue to Morningside Avenue and along Morningside Avenue from Kingston Road to Finch Avenue)
- Sheppard East LRT (along Sheppard Avenue from Don Mills station to Morningside Avenue, with a connection to an extended Scarborough RT near Markham Road)
- Waterfront West LRT (along Lakeshore Boulevard from Long Branch Loop to near the South Kingsway, continuing along the Queensway to King Street, and adjacent to the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Loop; from Exhibition it will continue to Union station in either its own as yet to be determined alignment, or in the Harbourfront West LRT alignment)
Additional proposals include:
- Extending 512 St. Clair to Jane subway station
- A streetcar in dedicated right-of-way on Sumach and Cherry Streets from King Street to the railway corridor south of Mill Street, serving West Don Lands and the Distillery District
- A route eastward along Queen's Quay, into new developments on the port lands
- A route westward from the Bay Street streetcar tunnel along Bremner Boulevard and Fort York Boulevard to Bathurst Street
- A route running east along Finch Avenue from Yonge Street to Don Mills Road, then turning south along Don Mills Road and continuing to Sheppard Avenue at Don Mills subway station, linking the Etobicoke-Finch West LRT and the Sheppard East LRT.
[edit] Discontinued streetcar routes
[edit] Toronto Street Railway
Routes marked to City were operating on May 20th, 1891, when the Toronto Street Railway Company's franchise expired and operations were taken over by the City of Toronto.[16]Route | Started | Ended | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bathurst | Sep 1889 | 07 Dec 1889 | to SEATON VILLAGE |
| Bloor | 29 May 1891 | to City | |
| Brockton | 4 Sep 1883 | May 1884 | from QUEEN & BROCKTON; to QUEEN & BROCKTON |
| Carlton & College | 2 Aug 1886 | to City | |
| Church | 18 Aug 1881 | to City | |
| Danforth | 8 Jul 1889 | to City | |
| Davenport | 18 Aug 1890 | to City | from SEATON VILLAGE |
| Dovercourt via McCaul | 24 Sep 1888 | to City | from McCAUL & COLLEGE |
| Front & McCaul | 22 Oct 1883 | 28 Jun 1884 | to McCAUL & COLLEGE |
| Front & Parliament | 25 Nov 1878 | 25 Jul 1881 | to PARLIAMENT and WINCHESTER |
| High Park via Queen | Apr 1887 | to City | by this date; from QUEEN & PARKDALE |
| King | 21 Sep 1874 | to City | longest continuous-operated route in Toronto |
| King via Strachan | 2 Sep 1879 | 19 Sep 1890 | during (TIE) Exhibition only; to KING |
| Kingston Rd. | 9 Jun 1875 | Apr 1887 | Kingston Road Tramway Co.; by this date; part to WOODBINE |
| Lee | 15 Jul 1889 | to City | |
| McCaul & College | 30 Jun 1884 | 22 Sep 1888 | from FRONT & McCAUL; to DOVERCOURT VIA McCAUL |
| McCaul & College | 15 Jul 1889 | to City | from DOVERCOURT VIA McCAUL |
| Metropolitan | 26 Jan 1885 | to City | Metropolitan Street Railway |
| Parliament | 26 Jul 1881 | to City | from FRONT & PARLIAMENT |
| Queen | 2 Feb 1861 | 7 Dec 1881 | to QUEEN & BROCKTON |
| Queen | 4 Sep 1883 | May 1884 | from QUEEN & BROCKTON; to QUEEN & BROCKTON |
| Queen & Brockton | 8 Dec 1881 | 3 Sep 1883 | from QUEEN; to QUEEN and BROCKTON |
| Queen & Brockton | May 1884 | to City | from BROCKTON and QUEEN |
| Queen & Parkdale | 2 Sep 1879 | Apr 1887 | ended by spring 1887; to HIGH PARK VIA QUEEN |
| Queen East | 11 May 1885 | to City | from SHERBOURNE |
| Seaton Village | 27 Jul 1885 | to City | from SPADINA & BATHURST |
| Sherbourne | 1 Dec 1874 | to City | may have begun a day or two earlier |
| Spadina | Jun 1879 | to City | |
| Spadina & Bathurst | 30 Jun 1884 | 25 Jul 1885 | from SPADINA; to SEATON VILLAGE |
| Toronto Industrial Exhibition | 13 Sep 1883 | 19 Sep 1890 | first electric route; operated by steam during the 1891 season |
| Winchester | 26 Jul 1881 | to City | from FRONT & PARLIAMENT |
| Woodbine | 21 May 1887 | to City | from KINGSTON RD. |
| Yonge | 9 Nov 1861 | to City | first rail transit route in Toronto |
[edit] Toronto Railway Company
- Queen-High Park (1891–1921)
- Church (1891–1921)
- Carlton-College (1891–1921)
- Yonge (1891–1921)
- Belt Line (1891–1921)
- Bloor-McCaul (1891–1921)
- Avenue Road (1891–1921)
- Dundas (1891–1921)
- College-Yonge (1891–1921)
- Bathurst (1891–1921)
- Wincester (1891–1921)
- Parliament (1891–1921)
- Broadview (1891–1921)
[edit] Toronto Civic Railways
- Danforth Division (1913–1921)
- Gerrard (1912–1921)
- Bloor West Division (1915–1921)
- St. Clair Division (1913–1921)
- Lansdowne (1917–1921)
[edit] Toronto Transit Commission
| Route | Began | Ended | Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belt Line | 1891 | 1923 | original and Tour Tram along Spadina and Sherbourne | |
| Bloor, including Danforth Tripper | 1890 | 1966 | replaced by Bloor-Danforth subway | |
| Coxwell | 1921 | 1966 | replaced by 22 Coxwell bus | |
| Dundas Exhibition | 1980 | 1986 | 522 | also operated for the 1995 season |
| Dupont/Bay | single line 1926 | 1963 | replaced by 6 Bay bus | |
| Earlscourt | 1954 | 1976 | 512L | replaced by part of 512 St. Clair |
| Fort | 1931 | 1966 | merged with 511 Bathurst | |
| Harbord | 1911 | 1966 | replaced by 72 Pape and 94 Wellesley buses | |
| Harbourfront LRT | 1990 | 2000 | 604 | forms part of the present 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadinas |
| King Exhibition | 1980 | 2000 | 521 | |
| Long Branch | 1928 | 1995 | 507 | merged with 501 Queen in 1995 |
| Oakwood | 1922 | 1960 | replaced by 63 Ossington trolleycoach | |
| Parliament | 1910 | 1966 | replaced by 65 Parliament bus | |
| Winchester | 1910 | 1924 | replaced by 97 Yonge and 65 Parliament buses and 506 Carlton | |
| Mount Pleasant | 1975 | 1976 | split from 512 St. Clair; replaced by 74 Mt. Pleasant trolleycoach | |
| Rogers Road | 1922 | 1974 | replaced by 63F Ossington via Rogers trolleycoach | |
| Yonge | 1873 | 1954 | replaced by Yonge subway and 24 Downtowner bus |
[edit] Rolling stock
Note: Hundreds of cars were acquired from the TTCs predecessor companies, the Toronto Railway, and Toronto Civic Railways, among others. The current fleet operates with 248 vehicles.| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| Preston Car Company (ex TCR) | streetcar DE-ST | 8 | 1915–1917 | 1976 | Numbered 2200-2214 (even numbers only). Formerly ex-TCR 50-57. 52(Currently RT-7), 55, 57 (Currently W-28) at Halton County Radial Railway |
| Preston Car Company (ex TCR) | streetcar DE-DT | 4 | 1912 | 1933, last car retired 1950 | Numbered 2120-2126 (even numbers only). Formerly ex-TCR 120-123. |
| Niles Car and Manufacturing Company (ex TCR) | streetcar DE-DT | 19 | 1913 | 4 Retired in 1933, rest retired in 1948 | Numbered 2128-2144 2148-2166 (even numbers only). Formerly ex-TCR 110-119. Car 109 (2146) burnt in fire and never rebuilt. |
| Preston Car Company (ex TCR) | streetcar DE-DT | 13 | 1918 | 1948 | Numbered 2168-2192 (even numbers only). Formerly ex-TCR 200-212. |
| Birney Car - ex Toronto Civic Railways / J. G. Brill and Company | street car DE-ST | 20 | 1920 | 1940–1941 | ex TCR 60-84. Sold as operating cars to Cornwall and Halifax. |
| Peter Witt - Large / Canada Car and Foundry and J. G. Brill and Company | street car; could pull trailer | 525 | 1921–1923 | 1961 | Numbered 2300-2678, 2900-3018 (even numbers only) 2580-2678 were Brill-type. Car 2424 and 2984 are at Halton County Radial Railway museum. 2300 is owned by the Canadian Railroad Historical Association and is currently at the Canadian National Railway Museum in St. Constance, Quebec. The entire TTC streetcar system was designed to accommodate cars of this size. |
| Peter Witt - Small / Canada Car and Foundry /Ottawa Car Company | street car | 50 | 1923 | 1963 | Numbered 2700 - 2898 (even numbers only). Car 2898 preserved at Shore Line Trolley Museum, East Haven, Connecticut. Car 2766 retained by TTC for tour service. 2 cars (2894 and 2786) are at Halton Radial Railway in Milton, Ontario. |
| St. Louis Car Company / Canada Car and Foundry President's Conference Car Air Electric cars class A1-A5 | street car | 300 | 1938 | 1972 | 1 car (4000) at Halton County Radial Railway in Milton, Ontario. |
| St. Louis Car Company/Pullman Standard President's Conference Car | street car | 445 | 1947 and on | 1995 | New cars were A6-8; 205 acquired as second hand units were A9-10 - Cincinnati Street Railway, A11 - Cleveland Railway, A12 - Louisville Railway, A13 - Birmingham Railway and Electric Company, A14 - ex-Kansas City Public Service Company; A15 were A8 rebuilds 2 St. Louis Car Company PCC streetcar A-8 (used only for private charters and parades; 4500 and 4549); Pullman-Standard W30-W31 Rail Grinder - ex-A-11 class PCC streetcars, St. Louis Car 4386 (A-6), 4434 (A-7), 4684 (A-12) 4600/11/18 (A-15) at Halton County Radial Railway in Milton, Ontario. |
| SIG CLRV L1 | street car | 6 | 1977 | Designed by Urban Transportation Development Corporation, built in Switzerland. These 6 streetcars were the prototypes for the CLRV. There were originally supposed to be 10 numbered 4000–4009 but they were reduced to 6. | |
| Urban Transportation Development Corporation CLRV L2 | street car | 190 | 1977–1981 | Designed by Urban Transportation Development Corporation and manufactured by Hawker Siddeley Canada; air conditioning added to car #4041 in 2006, order was placed for 99 other cars to have air conditioning installed but was cancelled due to the confirmed new streetcar order. Cars #4030 and #4165 had an automated stop announcer tested in 2006 (mainly in use on the 511 line only). Now all streetcars have the automated announcer. | |
| Urban Transportation Development Corporation ALRV L3 | articulated street car | 52 | 1987–1988 | Designed by Urban Transportation Development Corporation and manufactured by Hawker Siddeley Canada. Demo car 4900 owned by UTDC and destroyed at test facility in Kingston, Ontario. Used mainly on 501 Queen and 511 Bathurst routes. |
[edit] PCC streetcars
Main article: TTC Presidents' Conference Car
The TTC were among the first to buy the then state-of-the-art PCC streetcar when it was designed by a committee of public transport operators in the 1930s. These cars were bought to replace the Peter Witt cars and also older vehicles inherited from the Toronto Railway. The TTC's first purchase was in the late 1930s, and by the end of the 1950s they had operated a larger fleet of PCCs than any other agency in the world, with 744 cars in service. The early cars were retired and sent to Egypt, and some newer cars were acquired from U.S. operators abandoning streetcar service, including Kansas City, Birmingham, and Cleveland. By the 1960s, the TTC sought to abandon the service as well, but in 1972 supporters persuaded them to reconsider, and so a new streetcar model was needed to replace some of the ageing PCCs.Two of the TTC’s PCC streetcars, which operated in regular service until they were rebuilt and repainted into historic livery in 1989, have been retained for special events such as parades, private charters[17] and special revenue runs, such as holidays in the summer.[18]
Most of the PCCs were scrapped with a few becoming restaurants, housing and other uses. A few cars were purchased by railway museums and five ex-Toronto cars continue to operate on a new streetcar line in Kenosha, Wisconsin.
[edit] The CLRVs and ALRVs
Main article: Canadian Light Rail Vehicle
Main article: Articulated Light Rail Vehicle
The CLRV (Canadian Light Rail Vehicle, ordered 1977 – version L1 and L2) and the one-and-a-half-length ALRV (Articulated Light Rail Vehicle, ordered 1984 – version L3) were designed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC), an Ontario Crown corporation. The first six cars were built by Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (Swiss Industrial Company, SIG) and the rest by Hawker Siddeley Canada Limited in Thunder Bay, with a propulsion system by Brush of England and bogies by MAN of Germany.
The CLRVs and ALRVs retain many features of traditional streetcar design: they collect their electric power by trolley pole rather than the pantograph more common on modern vehicles, and are unidirectional, with an operating position at only one end and doors on only one side, requiring track loops in order to turn around. Even the ALRVs, which have two body sections connected by an articulation, are shorter than some other modern vehicles, which may have as many as four articulations. This is because the TTC network is largely a "traditional" streetcar network dating back to the 19th century, and not a recent light rail system built to modern standards. The infrastructure already in place and the need for compatibility with a large fleet of existing vehicles meant the CLRVs and ALRVs were built to fit the existing system. The TTC has not had strong reason to upgrade the infrastructure, but the option to buy bidirectional and pantograph trains has been included for the next generation of European-style vehicles.
According to the TTC,[19] one CLRV replaces 60 private cars in the morning rush period or 72 passengers, whereas one ALRV can carry the equivalent of 90 cars or 108 passengers.
Both models of streetcar have high floors accessed by stairs at each door. TTC staff have explored a number of possible means to make them wheelchair-accessible, including constructing level boarding platforms, lowering the track level, installing wheelchair lifts, and attach wheelchair-accessible trailers, but have concluded that none of these options is practical.[citation needed]
Unlike the TTC's earlier PCC and Peter Witt streetcars, the current models are never run in two-unit combinations or with trailers; the replacement of the two highest-volume routes with subway lines has decreased the number of passengers streetcars must cope with, and a single ALRV has been estimated to be long enough to provide sufficient capacity on today's busiest routes. Notably, the CLRVs originally came with couplers, but these were covered beginning in 1984 owing to safety concerns, and removed in 1988 as no longer required.[citation needed]
There have been a few technical additions to the CLRV/ALRV cars including a horn, a secondary warning device which was added in addition to the primary warning device, gong/bell on most of the streetcar fleet in 2005, an automatic stop announcement system which was installed in 2008 and the security camera system in 2009, all of which have been installed on both the CLRVs and the ALRVs, the system also in use on TTC buses. The additional hardware is located behind the left rear seat of the both types of vehicles.[20]
[edit] Next-generation streetcar
 | This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (July 2010) |
In June 2007, the TTC launched a public consultation on the design of its new streetcars, including an online survey,[21] and displays at Finch and Scarborough Centre stations, the Albion Centre, and Yonge-Dundas Square. Mock-ups of the Bombardier Flexity Swift (as used in Minneapolis) and Siemens Combino Plus were on display at the 2007 Canadian National Exhibition in front of the Direct Energy Centre.
On September 19, 2007, the TTC published their specifications for the ‘LF LRV’, as they are calling the proposed new streetcars, which explains what they are seeking beyond that the vehicle be compatible with the TTC’s existing tracks, which require tight turning radii, good hill-climbing ability, and compatibility with single-leaf switches. The tender requests a tram/streetcar of 27–30 m, with multiple points of articulation, and three powered bogies.
Though the document states that the TTC would accept a well-designed 70% low-floor streetcar, they have since decided to seek a 100% low-floor design; folding ramps may be fitted at the doors to allow stepless boarding where platforms are not available. The initial fleet replacing the CLRVs and ALRVs are to remain single-ended with doors on the right only, and to retain current collection by trolley pole, but the TTC also request that provision be made for future conversion to pantograph, and that the option of buying a bi-directional version of the streetcar for new lines be available. Provision will be made for ticket-vending machines on board, rather than have the driver take fares as is current practice.
The TTC are tendering for an initial order of 204 Flexity Outlook Cityrunner streetcars, with the first prototypes to be delivered in 2010.[22] Current projections for population increases and new lines indicate that by 2026, the TTC will need to extend its fleet to between 350 and 480 streetcars, suggesting that the replacements for the CLRVs and ALRVs will be merely the first of a large fleet.
Bombardier, Siemens, Ansaldobreda, Mytram, Škoda, and Vossloh Kiepe, and Kinki Sharyo all expressed interest in competing to supply the new streetcars, but most dropped out of the bidding at various stages.[23] Siemens gained a great deal of attention for their Combino Plus in 2007, with newspaper advertisements and a web site, but eventually decided that ‘it was in our better interest not to bid’; ultimately, only Bombardier and TRAM Power submitted bids.[24]
Bombardier initially displayed a mock-up of the Flexity Swift originally built for the Minneapolis project, but later offered a variant of the Flexity Outlook to meet the 100% low-floor requirement,[25] promoting it with a web site called ‘The Streetcar Redefined’. TRAM Power's product is the Citytram, a prototype of which was being tested on the Blackpool tramway until it caught fire on January 24, 2007.[26]
On July 18, 2008, the TTC announced that both bids had been rejected — according to TTC chair Adam Giambrone, Bombardier's entry "would have derailed on Toronto streets", while TRAM Power's was not "commercially compliant" — and reopened the contract.[27] Bombardier actively disputed this claim, adding that it could either supply a compliant car or pay for $10.4 million of construction to make the TTC's track network compliant. The TTC entered into direct negotiations with three companies (Alstom, Siemens, and Bombardier) following its August 27, 2008, commission meeting.
On April 24, 2009, the TTC selected a customized version of the Flexity Outlook for the upgrade,[28] with possible use for the Transit City plan as well.
New streetcars will not appear in Toronto until at least 2010, providing that capital funding is secured. In its most recent capital budget on April 2009, there was no solid commitment to fund the purchase of new units from any level of government.[29] As a result, the TTC is facing a shortage of available streetcars. Because the CLRVs are reaching the end of their usable lifespan, they require more frequent repairs, and of the TTC's 248 streetcars, only 186 are available for service, leaving a deficit of almost 10 vehicles in the morning rush hour. The TTC plans to refurbish 132 CLRVs, and perform scheduled mid-life maintenance on all of its ALRVs, however in the meantime the TTC has considered replacing streetcars on Bathurst Street and Kingston Road (routes 502, 503, and 511) with buses during the morning rush hour on a contingency basis, so that they can increase service on busier routes until new vehicles arrive.
The City of Toronto has committed one third of the necessary funds, according to the usual[citation needed] funding formula for capital projects, ⅓ municipal, ⅓ provincial and ⅓ federal. Federal transport minister John Baird was quoted in private telling the city that they could f*** off [sic], though later apologized while explaining that the Toronto request did not meet the timeline required for funds disbursed under the Canadian government's economic stimulus program.[30] While these words were later recanted, the federal government was unwilling to provide any money before the June 27, 2009 deadline approached to finalize the contract with Bombardier. Finally, Toronto City Council voted on June 26, 2009 to commit the other ⅓ of the funding by deferring other capital projects, such that the funding formula became ⅔ municipal and ⅓ provincial.[31]
[edit] List of past Toronto streetcars
Traffic cars| Make/Model | Description | # of vehicles | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| Canadian Car and Foundry/Brill Peter Witt streetcar – Large with trailers | streetcars | 392 | 1921–1923 | 1963 | retired |
| Canadian Car and Foundry/Ottawa Car Company Peter Witts – Small Witts | streetcars | 196 | 1921–1923 | 1965 | retired; 1 refurbished for tours |
| St. Louis Car Company and Canadian Car and Foundry PCC streetcars | streetcars | total of 745 with 205 second-hand and 540 brand-new; some PCCs became work cars for the streetcar service and some to the subway | 1938 | 1996 | retired; 2 refurbished for tours |
| Make/Model | Description | Fleet size; | Year acquired | Year retired | Notes |
| Birney Car – ex-Toronto Railway (retired) | rail grinder | 1 | 1931 | 1976 | retired |
| St. Louis Car Company W30-W31 | rail grinder | 2 | 1976 | 1999 | ex-PCC streetcar - retired. Now at the Halton County Radial Railway. W30 still operational, W31 has driving motors removed. |
| St. Louis Car Company W28 | rail grinder | 1 | 1931 | 1976 | ex-TRC Preston car - retired |
| Toronto Railway C1 | crane | 1 | 1921 | ? | sold to Halton Radial Railway |
| W5 | snow plow | 1 | ? | ? | ? |
| W16 | dump car | 1 | 1920s | ? | |
| W26 | sand car | 1 | 1950 | 1967 | |
| S-30 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1947 | 1970 | New York City's Third Avenue Railway System |
| Russell Car Company / S-31 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1947 | 1973 | Built in 1920 as Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway P-601; to Third Avenue Railway System as 86 in 1935; to TTC as S-31 in 1947; preserved at Seashore Trolley Museum, Kennebunkport, Maine |
| S-33 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1947 | 1960s | New York City's Third Avenue Railway System |
| Russell Car Company / S-36 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1947 | 1973 | Built in 1920 as Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway P-607; to Third Avenue Railway System as 89 in 1935; to TTC as S-36 in 1947; preserved at Shore Line Trolley Museum, East Haven, Connecticut |
| Russell Car Company / S-37 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1948 | 1973 | Built in 1920 for the Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway; to Third Avenue Railway System 1935; to TTC as S-37 in 1947; preserved at Halton County Railway Museum |
| Russell Car Company / S-39 | snow sweeper | 1 | 1948 | 1973 | Built in 1920 as Trenton & Mercer County 31; to Third Avenue Railway System as 82 in 1935; to TTC as S-39 in 1948; to Public Service of New Jersey as 5246 in 1973; now at Transport of New Jersey in Newark as 5246, semiactive in stub tracks at Newark terminal |
[edit] Track gauge
Standard gauge rails in the streets would have allowed this, but of course steam railway equipment could not follow the abrupt curves in the streetcar network. Opposition to freight operation in city streets precluded interchange even with adjacent radial lines even after the lines changed to TTC gauge. Electric railway freight cars could negotiate street curves, but still freight operations to downtown were not allowed until the final few years of radial operation by the TTC.
Some suggest the more practical reason is that early tracks were used to pull wagons smoothly in the days before paved roads, and that they fit a different gauge. The Williams Omnibus Bus Line did change the gauge of their buses in 1861 so as to do this.
The unique gauge has remained to this day, since converting all tracks and vehicles would be expensive and would lack any real benefit. Some proposals for the city's subway system involved using streetcars in the tunnels, and possibly having some routes run partially in tunnels and partially on city streets, so the same gauge was used, though the idea was ultimately dropped in the case of dedicated rapid-transit trains. The use of standard-gauge tracks on the Scarborough RT makes it impossible for there to be any track connection between it and the other lines, and so when RT vehicles need anything more than basic service (which is carried out in the RT's own McCowan Yard), they are carried by truck to the Greenwood subway yards.[32]
The new lines to be built as part of the Transit City project will be constructed to standard gauge. As the project is receiving a large part of its funding from Metrolinx, the Ontario provincial transit authority, it wants to ensure a degree of commonality with any other proposed tram/LRT projects within Ontario, ensuring a better price for purchasing vehicles.[32]
[edit] Properties
[edit] Dedicated station
There is one standalone underground station in the network that exclusively serves streetcars, located in the tunnel shared by the 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina routes:[edit] Loops
Main article: Toronto streetcar loops
[edit] Carhouses
| Yard | Location | Year Open | Notes |
| Hillcrest Complex | Davenport Road and Bathurst Street | 1924 | former site of farm and later Toronto Driving Club track; services streetcars and buses, repair facilities |
| Roncesvalles Carhouse | Queen Street West and Roncesvalles Avenue | 1895; rebuilt 1921 | built for the Toronto Railway; indoor and outdoor streetcar storage |
| Russell (Connaught) Carhouse | Connaught Avenue and Queen Street East | 1913 | built for the Toronto Railway; indoor and outdoor streetcar storage |
| Yard | Location | Year Open | Year Closed | Notes |
| Danforth Carhouse | Danforth Avenue and Coxwell Avenue | 1915 | 2002 | built for the Toronto Civic Railways |
| Dundas Carhouse [2] | Dundas Street West and Howard Park Avenue | 1907 | 1936 | storage for 60 cars; wye and runaround loop since disappeared and area re-developed |
| Eglinton Carhouse | Eglinton Avenue West and Yonge Street | 1922 | 2002; demolished | |
| Lansdowne Carhouse | Lansdowne Avenue and Paton Avenue | 1911 | 1996; demolished 2003 | Built for the Toronto Railway |
| St. Clair (Wychwood) Carhouse | Wychwood south of St. Clair Avenue West | 1913 | 1978 | built for the Toronto Civic Railways |
A new carhouse is to be constructed for housing and maintaining the new Bombardier Flexity Outlook vehicles; the existing facilities will not accommodate the differences in length and configuration of the different generations of vehicle. A preliminary report recommends a currently-vacant lot at the southeast corner of Leslie Street and Lake Shore Boulevard.[33]
| Yard | Location | Year To Open | Notes |
| Ashbridge's Bay LRV Maintenance and Storage Facility | Leslie Street and Lake Shore Boulevard East - southeast corner | TBD | proposed carhouse for Flexity fleet (100 of the 204 cars)[34] |
[edit] Operator training
A mockup of a CLRV is used to train new streetcar operators is located at Hillcrest. The training simulator consist of an operator cab, front steps and part of the front of a streetcar.Operators also train with a real streetcar. Front and rear rollsigns on the vehicle will identify it as a training car.
[edit] See also
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